Who is the Normative Human?

Who do you picture when someone says, “a person”? How is that defined by our society, and how can we push back on it?

 

Gender

While gender sensitivity in writing is increasing, many of us were taught in school that correct English grammar means using pronouns that assume masculinity when gender is indeterminant or unknown (though that convention actually originated in the 50s). For example, we were taught to write “a person may expect others to be like him,” “one may like his own way best,” “a child should be treated like he matters,” etc. Even with increasing gender sensitivity, how many times have you heard a driver shouting, “he cut me off!” when no one knew the gender of the driver who did it?

 

Race, Sexuality, Ability, etc.

Privileged people also tend to assume they are speaking or being told about others with similar privilege, unless it is stated otherwise. How many white people have you heard say something like, “I saw a guy walk in, and then an Asian guy came up to him…” with the clear assumption that “a guy” must be white unless it is stated that he is not? How many white people say, “I saw a white guy walk in”? Similarly, how many heterosexual people identify when someone is not hetero, but not when someone is? How many able-bodied people identify ability only when speaking of someone disabled?

 

Why Does This Matter?

It is important to avoid language with these assumptions both in speech and in writing, especially mission-based writing. The reality is that there is no normative human being; there is a wonderful diversity of human beings. When we use language that implies one image of normative, it treats everyone else as other and less than.

 

The Solution

I think we need to go beyond just keeping gender, race, and sexuality indeterminant when they are not relevant. That is a way of avoiding further elevating privileged people, but it does not erase the elevation they already have. What I believe we need to do is intentionally lift up those who have been cast down to the same level as those who have been privileged. That means writing in ways that assume the normative person is female, gender-expansive, BIPOC, queer, disabled, etc. It means intentionally bringing marginalized people into the center where only privileged people were before, and calling on your readers to see how they belong there. It means using she to describe a normative person who is, say, accessing your services – then describing her need to navigate the space in her wheelchair, to have a joint appointment with her wife, and to receive trans-sensitive, culturally-congruent care from another Indigenous person.

Redefining How We Think & Write About Disability

We are taught to think of deafness, blindness, paralysis, Autism, etc. as inherently disabling to people who have them, but they are not actually disabling unless occurring in a society that won’t include them. For example, if our built spaces had no stairs, narrow passageways, or steep slopes, and all meetings occurred sitting down, and all doors were automatic, and other such changes, then using a wheelchair would not actually prevent anyone from fully participating in society and would not be a disability. Or, to give a real-life example, there used to be such a large population of deaf people on the island of Martha’s Vineyard that all hearing people learned sign language. Deafness was not a disability when it did not hamper people from functioning in daily life. A wide range of difference in ability is natural to humanity and is not inherently disabling if society does not make it so.

It is important not to write about people as being deserving of pity because of their differences in ability, but instead to write about them as being deserving of compassion because of how our society excludes them, judges them as inadequate, infantilizes them, and does not give them full access throughout life.

Public health experts have learned to stop writing about being Black as a risk factor for certain health issues, but to write instead about being a target of anti-Black racism as a risk factor for those issues. When will the same be done for people disabled by our society’s refusal to support people with the full, wide range of differences that naturally occur in our species? At least we can begin this change in the ways we think and write about people with disabilities.

There’s Not Enough Room! 6 Tips to Edit Shorter Without Cutting Content

Ever notice how it’s often harder and more time-consuming to write something short than to write something long? When you’re not worried about length, you can just say everything you want to, but when space is limited, you have to edit over and over to say it all in less space. Whether you’re agonizing over how to fit into word or character counts in a grant proposal, make your one-pager really one page, or write website copy short enough that visitors will actually read it, here are 6 tips to cut length without cutting content.

1. Orient yourself to the type of length limit you have

• Character Counts – Your goal is to use fewer and shorter words and fewer punctuation marks.
• Word Counts – Your goal is to use fewer words, which could mean using some longer words and increasing the character count; you don’t need to worry about punctuation.
• Space Constraints – Your goal is to cut the number of lines, which can mean cutting words or characters from one line, so you can bring up words from a line below and ultimately cut a line. This can also mean reordering words to place longer ones on a line that does not go all the way to end, so you can shorten the line below and eliminate the line below that.

 

2. Switch to shorter or fewer words and phrases that convey the same meaning.

Original sentence:

Many families do not make enough income to always feel confident that they will not find their cupboards bare and their wallets empty when their next paycheck is still days away from arriving.

208 characters, 33 words, 3 lines

Shortened by using fewer and shorter words:

Many families with low incomes live in fear of running out of food and the money to buy more.

94 characters, 19 words, 1 line

Shortened to use fewer words only. This version uses fewer words, but more characters and lines.

Many families with low incomes continually fear running out of both food and money for buying more.

99 characters, 17 words, 2 lines

 

3. Restructure sentences to remove less meaningful words.

Often, the first way you write a sentence is not the shortest way it could be written. Think about how you could restructure or reorder the sentence to remove conjunctions, linking words, forms of the verb “to be,” and/or or repetition.

Original Sentence:

To mitigate hunger in our area, our program provides services to people who are facing food insecurity; these services are free and include giving people food and information about nutrition, as well as providing them with referrals to other services that can help them to meet their basic needs.

297 characters, 49 words, 4 lines

Shortened by cutting unnecessary words:

Our program mitigates local hunger by serving people facing food insecurity with free food, nutrition information, and referrals to other basic needs services.

159 characters, 23 words, 2 lines

 

Click on the next page below to read the rest of the article.

How Mission-Based Writing is Like Dating

Think of a time when you were infatuated with someone, and you wanted to get them to like you, connect with them, and see if you could get a relationship going. That’s actually what you’re always trying to do in mission-based writing. Whether your goal is to persuade a foundation to fund your work, a donor or volunteer to contribute, or a potential client to come receive services, what you’re really trying to do is build a relationship, so it can help to apply commonsense dating tips to your writing.

Here are a few common sense tips to follow if you want to get a relationship going with someone new, whether in dating or in mission-based writing.

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Three Crucial Tips for Writing About
Your Participants

Even when your heart is in the right place, it is all too easy to write about the participants of your work in a way that subtly disempowers or dishonors them. Here are three important considerations to make sure you avoid this faux pas.

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How to Bring Your Work to Life with Participants’ Stories

Whether you are seeking new clients, participants, donors, funders, or volunteers, you need your writing to bring your work vividly to life so they will imagine what it is like and want to receive it or help you provide it. Quotations and stories are the best way to illustrate what your work truly feels like to real people … but only if you use them effectively.

The last Flight Log explored what makes a quotation strong, how to fit them when you have very little space to work with, and how to collect good ones. Now let’s talk about how to effectively use participant stories.

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How to Bring Your Work to Life with Participants’ Words

You need potential participants or clients to see why they should jump up and run to you, and you need potential donors and funders to see why they should give as much as they can. You can describe all of the benefits in perfect detail, but that won’t make readers imagine what it feels like to receive them. So what will?

Quotations! Never underestimate the power of a real person’s words. Direct quotations from participants bring in human voices that the reader can hear and can’t help relating to, voices that sound like people they know.

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How to Organize Your Writing: Quick Tips
that Illustrate Their Own Points

Most people probably don’t think very deeply about this topic, but the choice you make will affect your readers’ experience of your writing. Whether you want to organize complex items or emphasize simple ones, and whether you want your reader to pay attention to every one of a long list of items or to compound them all together, your choice of when and how to use lists will either aid or thwart the impression you actually want to make. The following quick guide includes a bullet list to describe when you might want to use a list, a numbered list to illustrate when you might want to use a bullet or numbered list, a sentence-form list to explore when you might want to use one of those, and a non-list paragraph to discuss when you might be best off not using a list at all.

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Be Concise and Show All
the Positive Impact You Make

You want all of the people who benefit from or assist work – or who might do either one – to understand the full positive impact of all you do. It is crucial to quickly and effectively impart this understanding to your actual and potential clients, constituents, referral sources, staff, volunteers, donors, funders, investors, and promoters. If they all know how great the work is, you will get more and better suited recipients, more and better quality volunteer and staff work, more and larger financial and in-kind contributions, and more and better quality promotion.

Yet all too often nonprofits and mission-based businesses express only the most basic and obvious ways that they make a difference, and don’t paint a vivid picture of the depth and breadth of benefit they provide. Frequently this omission is in the name of conciseness, yet it is possible to concisely describe each level of impact, and it is very worth the space, for it may be the most powerful way to inspire people to come receive or give as much as they can. A concise bullet or numbered list of every level of impact is an excellent piece to use in websites, brochures, donor solicitation letters, social media posts, grant proposals, and more. It is quick and easy to read, and the list format emphasizes that there are many levels of positive impact that people might not immediately see.

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Which Should You Appeal to, Head or Heart?
Part Two: How About Both?

The last Flight Log explored the pros and cons of writing to appeal to your readers’ heads or their hearts. Which is the best choice depends on the reader, the situation, … and the way the human mind works. A number of Flight Log readers responded with a request for tips on how to appeal to both head and heart at once; fortunately I had already anticipated the question and drafted this article! Read on for two tips on how to assess your reader and three examples of how to appeal to your reader’s head and heart at the same time.

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